Ward Transformer NPL Site

Acronyms and Abbreviations .......................................................................................................... i

Summary ......................................................................................................................................... 1

Purpose and Health Issues .............................................................................................................. 2

Background ..................................................................................................................................... 2

Site Description........................................................................................................................... 2

Demographics ............................................................................................................................. 2

Land and Natural Resource Use ................................................................................................. 2

Discussion ....................................................................................................................................... 4

Data Used.................................................................................................................................... 4

Evaluation Process ...................................................................................................................... 5

Polychlorinated Biphenyls .......................................................................................................... 6

Overview................................................................................................................................. 6

Chemical Structure ................................................................................................................. 6

Health Effects Caused by PCB Exposure ............................................................................... 7

Current Standards, Regulations, and Recommendations........................................................ 8

Complete Exposure Pathways and Contaminants of Concern.................................................... 9

Fish Pathway........................................................................................................................... 9

Soil Ingestion Pathway ......................................................................................................... 11

Sediment Pathway................................................................................................................. 13

Surface Water Pathway......................................................................................................... 13

Cumulative Exposures .......................................................................................................... 14

Potential Exposure Pathways.................................................................................................... 15

Groundwater Pathway........................................................................................................... 15

Air Pathway .......................................................................................................................... 15

Children's Health Considerations ............................................................................................. 15

Health Outcome Data................................................................................................................ 16

Community Health Concerns.................................................................................................... 16

Health Hazard Category................................................................................................................ 17

Conclusions................................................................................................................................... 17

Recommendations......................................................................................................................... 18

Public Health Action Plan............................................................................................................. 18

Site Team ...................................................................................................................................... 19

References..................................................................................................................................... 20

Appendix A. Explanation of Evaluation Process.......................................................................... 22

Screening Process ..................................................................................................................... 22

Determination of Exposure Pathways....................................................................................... 23

Evaluation of Public Health Implications ................................................................................. 23

Fish Ingestion........................................................................................................................ 24

Soil Ingestion ........................................................................................................................ 24

Surface Water Ingestion........................................................................................................ 24

Sediment Ingestion ............................................................................................................... 24

Noncancer Health Effects ......................................................................................................... 24

Minimal Risk Level (MRLs) - Developed by ATSDR......................................................... 25

Reference Dose (RfD) - Developed by EPA ........................................................................ 25

Calculation of Risk of Carcinogenic Effects ............................................................................ 25

Appendix B. Exposure Pathways for Ward Transformer Site ...................................................... 27